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# Ruuter Benchmark Results
Each benchmark: 2s warmup, 5s measurement window.
## Environment
- **OS**: Mac OS X aarch64
- **JVM**: Java 25.0.2, Clojure 1.10.3
- **ClojureScript**: 1.10.879, Node.js v24.11.1
- **Babashka**: 1.12.212
- **Jank**: built from source (latest main, ~Feb 2025), interpreted, LLVM 22
## JVM (Clojure)
### v1.3.5 — first-match-wins, linear scan with per-request regex
| Scenario | Ops/sec | ns/op |
|---|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 2,361,346 | 423 |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 1,372,498 | 728 |
| Small (5) — param match | 1,093,600 | 914 |
| Small (5) — nested params | 706,667 | 1,414 |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 1,112,373 | 898 |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 2,363,419 | 423 |
| Medium (52) — match first | 196,908 | 5,078 |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 47,393 | 21,100 |
| Medium (52) — match last | 19,720 | 50,710 |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 17,999 | 55,558 |
| Large (202) — match first | 49,959 | 20,016 |
| Large (202) — match middle | 10,780 | 92,764 |
| Large (202) — match last | 5,090 | 196,464 |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 10,262 | 97,447 |
### v2.0.0 — best-match-wins, segment trie with specificity scoring
| Scenario | Ops/sec | ns/op |
|---|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 9,788,503 | 102 |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 4,704,213 | 212 |
| Small (5) — param match | 2,296,556 | 435 |
| Small (5) — nested params | 1,650,276 | 605 |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 1,833,884 | 545 |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 5,957,701 | 167 |
| Medium (52) — match first | 8,757,566 | 114 |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 1,836,957 | 544 |
| Medium (52) — match last | 1,812,725 | 551 |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 2,504,034 | 399 |
| Large (202) — match first | 8,090,398 | 123 |
| Large (202) — match middle | 1,764,621 | 566 |
| Large (202) — match last | 1,683,626 | 593 |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 3,541,419 | 282 |
### JVM Comparison
| Scenario | v1.3.5 ops/s | v2.0.0 ops/s | Speedup |
|---|---:|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 2,361,346 | 9,788,503 | 4.1x |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 1,372,498 | 4,704,213 | 3.4x |
| Small (5) — param match | 1,093,600 | 2,296,556 | 2.1x |
| Small (5) — nested params | 706,667 | 1,650,276 | 2.3x |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 1,112,373 | 1,833,884 | 1.6x |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 2,363,419 | 5,957,701 | 2.5x |
| Medium (52) — match first | 196,908 | 8,757,566 | 44x |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 47,393 | 1,836,957 | 39x |
| Medium (52) — match last | 19,720 | 1,812,725 | 92x |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 17,999 | 2,504,034 | 139x |
| Large (202) — match first | 49,959 | 8,090,398 | 162x |
| Large (202) — match middle | 10,780 | 1,764,621 | 164x |
| Large (202) — match last | 5,090 | 1,683,626 | 331x |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 10,262 | 3,541,419 | 345x |
## ClojureScript (Node.js)
### v1.3.5
| Scenario | Ops/sec | ns/op |
|---|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 1,403,030 | 712 |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 543,057 | 1,841 |
| Small (5) — param match | 179,074 | 5,584 |
| Small (5) — nested params | 169,373 | 5,904 |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 167,200 | 5,980 |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 170,835 | 5,853 |
| Medium (52) — match first | 27,378 | 36,524 |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 25,216 | 39,656 |
| Medium (52) — match last | 15,788 | 63,335 |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 16,028 | 62,389 |
| Large (202) — match first | 27,263 | 36,678 |
| Large (202) — match middle | 6,449 | 155,043 |
| Large (202) — match last | 4,090 | 244,489 |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 4,028 | 248,201 |
### v2.0.0
| Scenario | Ops/sec | ns/op |
|---|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 1,273,187 | 785 |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 849,002 | 1,177 |
| Small (5) — param match | 468,241 | 2,135 |
| Small (5) — nested params | 335,675 | 2,979 |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 370,342 | 2,700 |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 1,104,045 | 905 |
| Medium (52) — match first | 1,100,616 | 908 |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 361,869 | 2,763 |
| Medium (52) — match last | 358,480 | 2,789 |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 506,195 | 1,975 |
| Large (202) — match first | 1,028,507 | 972 |
| Large (202) — match middle | 349,154 | 2,864 |
| Large (202) — match last | 345,575 | 2,893 |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 671,639 | 1,488 |
### ClojureScript Comparison
| Scenario | v1.3.5 ops/s | v2.0.0 ops/s | Speedup |
|---|---:|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 1,403,030 | 1,273,187 | 0.9x |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 543,057 | 849,002 | 1.6x |
| Small (5) — param match | 179,074 | 468,241 | 2.6x |
| Small (5) — nested params | 169,373 | 335,675 | 2.0x |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 167,200 | 370,342 | 2.2x |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 170,835 | 1,104,045 | 6.5x |
| Medium (52) — match first | 27,378 | 1,100,616 | 40x |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 25,216 | 361,869 | 14x |
| Medium (52) — match last | 15,788 | 358,480 | 23x |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 16,028 | 506,195 | 32x |
| Large (202) — match first | 27,263 | 1,028,507 | 38x |
| Large (202) — match middle | 6,449 | 349,154 | 54x |
| Large (202) — match last | 4,090 | 345,575 | 84x |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 4,028 | 671,639 | 167x |
## Babashka
### v1.3.5
| Scenario | Ops/sec | ns/op |
|---|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 178,061 | 5,616 |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 178,653 | 5,597 |
| Small (5) — param match | 125,608 | 7,961 |
| Small (5) — nested params | 121,220 | 8,249 |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 121,145 | 8,254 |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 172,150 | 5,808 |
| Medium (52) — match first | 27,824 | 35,939 |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 25,177 | 39,718 |
| Medium (52) — match last | 15,973 | 62,604 |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 16,087 | 62,161 |
| Large (202) — match first | 27,853 | 35,901 |
| Large (202) — match middle | 6,631 | 150,790 |
| Large (202) — match last | 4,157 | 240,542 |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 4,206 | 237,747 |
### v2.0.0
| Scenario | Ops/sec | ns/op |
|---|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 842,584 | 1,186 |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 540,559 | 1,849 |
| Small (5) — param match | 321,034 | 3,114 |
| Small (5) — nested params | 241,899 | 4,133 |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 324,357 | 3,083 |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 1,107,631 | 902 |
| Medium (52) — match first | 903,709 | 1,106 |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 285,129 | 3,507 |
| Medium (52) — match last | 292,190 | 3,422 |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 424,338 | 2,356 |
| Large (202) — match first | 888,860 | 1,125 |
| Large (202) — match middle | 290,947 | 3,437 |
| Large (202) — match last | 290,664 | 3,440 |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 767,125 | 1,303 |
### Babashka Comparison
| Scenario | v1.3.5 ops/s | v2.0.0 ops/s | Speedup |
|---|---:|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 178,061 | 842,584 | 4.7x |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 178,653 | 540,559 | 3.0x |
| Small (5) — param match | 125,608 | 321,034 | 2.6x |
| Small (5) — nested params | 121,220 | 241,899 | 2.0x |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 121,145 | 324,357 | 2.7x |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 172,150 | 1,107,631 | 6.4x |
| Medium (52) — match first | 27,824 | 903,709 | 32x |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 25,177 | 285,129 | 11x |
| Medium (52) — match last | 15,973 | 292,190 | 18x |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 16,087 | 424,338 | 26x |
| Large (202) — match first | 27,853 | 888,860 | 32x |
| Large (202) — match middle | 6,631 | 290,947 | 44x |
| Large (202) — match last | 4,157 | 290,664 | 70x |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 4,206 | 767,125 | 182x |
## Jank (built from source, latest main)
### v2.1.0
| Scenario | Ops/sec | ns/op |
|---|---:|---:|
| Small (5) — literal first | 91,466 | 10,932 |
| Small (5) — literal middle | 63,483 | 15,752 |
| Small (5) — param match | 29,092 | 34,373 |
| Small (5) — nested params | 24,136 | 41,430 |
| Small (5) — wildcard | 23,772 | 42,065 |
| Small (5) — miss (404) | 94,463 | 10,586 |
| Medium (52) — match first | 95,493 | 10,471 |
| Medium (52) — match middle | 27,171 | 36,803 |
| Medium (52) — match last | 26,904 | 37,168 |
| Medium (52) — catch-all wildcard | 32,048 | 31,203 |
| Large (202) — match first | 94,151 | 10,621 |
| Large (202) — match middle | 26,602 | 37,590 |
| Large (202) — match last | 26,916 | 37,152 |
| Large (202) — miss (404) | 68,021 | 14,701 |
## Analysis
### JVM (Clojure)
- **Small route sets**: 1.6–4.1x faster
- **Medium route sets**: 39–139x faster
- **Large route sets**: 162–345x faster
- Peak throughput: ~9.8M ops/sec (literal match)
### ClojureScript (Node.js)
- **Small route sets**: 0.9–6.5x faster (literal-first is within noise; params, wildcards, and misses see large gains)
- **Medium route sets**: 14–40x faster
- **Large route sets**: 38–167x faster
- Peak throughput: ~1.3M ops/sec (literal match)
### Babashka
- **Small route sets**: 2.0–6.4x faster
- **Medium route sets**: 11–32x faster
- **Large route sets**: 32–182x faster
- Peak throughput: ~1.1M ops/sec (miss/404 — fast trie rejection)
### Jank (built from source, latest main)
- Peak throughput: ~95K ops/sec (literal match / miss)
- Performance is roughly 8–10x slower than Babashka, expected for an alpha interpreted runtime
### Key insight
v2.0 performance is nearly independent of route count across all runtimes. Matching is O(path depth) via the trie, not O(route count) via linear scan. The improvement is most dramatic for large route sets where v1.x's linear scan with per-request regex compilation becomes the dominant bottleneck.
### Running benchmarks
```bash
# JVM
clojure -Sdeps '{:paths ["src" "bench"]}' -M -m ruuter.bench
# ClojureScript (Node.js)
clojure -Sdeps '{:paths ["src" "bench"] :deps {org.clojure/clojurescript {:mvn/version "1.10.879"}}}' \
-M -m cljs.main --target node --output-to bench-out/bench.js -c ruuter.bench
node bench-out/bench.js
# Babashka
bb -m ruuter.bench
# Jank
jank run --module-path src:bench jank_bench_runner.jank
```
### Route set sizes
- **Small (5)**: 5 routes — typical small app (literal, params, wildcard)
- **Medium (52)**: 52 routes — 1 literal + 50 parameterized + 1 catch-all wildcard
- **Large (202)**: 202 routes — 1 literal + 200 parameterized + 1 catch-all wildcard
|
